Cave
The cave (33A; diam. c. 1.7 m; Figs. 2, 3) had a round opening in the ceiling and an arched entrance that faced south. A large rock that collapsed from the ceiling blocked its northern and eastern sides. A number of potsherds, mostly dating to the Byzantine period and a few from the Early–Late Bronze Ages, were found. This cave seems to have been natural and was probably used as a hiding refuge.
 
Cupmarks
Cupmarks were excavated in six sites.
Site
Direction/
No.
Diam. (m)
Depth (m)
Shape
Fig.
33
I
0.42
0.18
 
2
 
II
0.15
0.04
 
2
 
III
0.26
0.2
 
2
 
IV
0.11
0.1
 
2
37
 
0.24
0.29
 
4
38
West
0.24
0.26
 
4
 
East
0.48
0.23
Bell
4
43
 
0.10–0.24
0.26
Conical
4
44
East
0.25
0.12
 
4
 
West
0.28
0.07
 
4
47
 
0.22–0.40
0.24
Conical
19
 
Quarries
Quarries were exposed on high prominent rocks at two sites.
Quarry 40 was located in the northern part of the area. The negatives of six building stones of different sizes and shapes were visible (Fig. 5). One stone was extracted from the upper part of the rock (0.20 × 0.50 × 0.58 m) and five stones—from the lower part (from north to south: 0.65 × 0.76 m, 0.52 × 0.99 m, 0.6 × 0.6 m, 0.67 × 1.20 m, 0.5 × 0.7 m; min. thickness 0.35–0.47 m).
Quarry 45 was located at the western end of the area. Severance channels (depth 0.1 m) and detachment marks of two stones were discovered. The eastern stone, aligned north–south, was narrow and long (0.40 × 0.57 m), whereas the western one, oriented east–west, was more rectilinear in shape (0.70 × 0.87 m).
 
Lime Pit
A pit (41; diam. 2.5 m; Figs. 6, 7) was discovered in the northwestern part of the area; while the northern side was bedrock-hewn (depth 1.7 m), the southern side was dug into the ground (depth 1.5 m). The pit was filled to the top with small stones, some of which were burnt. A layer of clean white lime (thickness 0.2 m) overlaid the bottom of the pit.
 
Winepresses
Seven winepresses of different types were excavated.
Winepress 4, located in the northeastern part of the area, consisted of a treading floor and a collecting vat (Figs. 8, 9). The treading floor (L107; 4.37 × 4.55 m) was not smoothly hewn and quarrying marks of masonry stones in various sizes were visible. The southern and eastern margins of the floor were hewn, as well as the eastern part of the northern margin. The collecting vat (L105; 2.75 × 2.83 m) was carefully hewn, but had no traces of plaster. A kind of step was hewn along the southern and western inner sides of the vat; below it was an opening to an underground cavity, filled with dark brown alluvium. The excavation of the cavity (to a depth of 2.35 m) did not expose its sides or bottom and no potsherds that might attest to ancient activity were discovered.
A Late Roman C bowl (Fig. 10:1) was found on the surface near the winepress.
It seems that the winepress was initially used as a quarry. Once the stone detachment was over, an attempt to utilize it as a treading floor of a winepress was made. However, the breaching of the natural cavity while quarrying the collecting vat caused the incompletion of the winepress.
Winepress 10, located c. 100 m south of Winepress 4, comprised a treading floor and two collecting vats (Figs. 11, 12). The treading floor (L106; 4.2 × 4.7 m, max. depth at edges 0.3 m) had a rough surface and its margins were not completely hewn. Detachment marks on top of the floor indicate that several stones had been removed from bedrock. A rock-hewn channel linked the treading floor to the western side of the eastern collecting vat (L108; 1.85 × 1.90 m, depth 1.92–2.20 m), along whose northern side three steps were hewn (each 0.35–0.37 m high); the edges of the vat were higher than the treading floor. A rock-cut channel (L109) and a natural cavity that opened wide below the treading floor (1.4 m below bedrock surface) connected Vat 108 with the western collecting vat (L104; 1.85 × 1.85 m). The bedrock in the northeastern corner of Vat 104 was left unworked; it was probably intended to be hewn as steps. 
The potsherds recovered from the collecting vats belonged mostly to jars (Fig. 10:2–5) and a few to cooking pots that dated to the Early Roman period (first century CE); however, they were very worn and insufficient for dating the installations.
It appears that this winepress served initially as a quarry; its adaptation for use as a winepress was suspended as soon as the quarrymen encountered the natural subterranean cavity, as in Winepress 4.
Winepress 34 was rectilinear and plastered. Its treading floor (4.4 × 4.6 m, depth 0.20–0.32 m; Figs. 13, 14) had smoothed edges. Natural depressions in the floor were filled with stones and plastered over. The treading floor and the collecting vat (1.90 × 1.97 m; depth 1.75 m) to its west were separated by raised margins (width 0.43 m, height 0.35 m) in whose middle was a hewn channel that conveyed the must. Two steps were hewn in the southwestern corner of the collecting vat and a settling pit (diam. 0.35 m, depth 0.25 m) was in its southeastern corner.
Winepress 36 was a simple rock-hewn winepress (Figs. 15, 16). The treading floor was circular and had irregular edges (diam. 1 m, depth 0.05–0.20 m). The collecting vat was elliptical and bell-shaped (0.7 × 0.8, depth 0.5 m).
Winepress 39 was a simple hewn winepress on top of a high rock (Figs. 15, 17). The treading floor (c. 1.7 × 2.5 m) was carelessly hewn; its eastern side, which ran along a natural fissure in the rock (depth c. 0.1 m), was raised as was its western side (length 1.3 m), alongside which an elliptical, bell-shaped collecting vat (0.67 × 0.74 m, depth 0.4 m) was located.
Winepress 42 was a square, carelessly hewn winepress and its northern and eastern edges were not finished (Figs. 15, 18). Stone detachments marks (average 0.54×0.70 m) on the treading floor (2.10 × 2.25 m, depth up to 0.1 m) point to its initial use as a quarry. A channel was cut in the center of the partition (width 0.3 m) that separated the treading floor from the collecting vat (1.1 × 1.6 m, depth 1.6 m). The latter faced south, in the direction of the natural bedrock, and a slanted step (height 0.9 m) was hewn in its southwestern corner.
Winepress 47A was a large square rock-hewn winepress (Fig. 19). The treading floor (4.33 × 4.36 m, depth 0.45 m) had smoothed edges. Natural depressions in the floor were filled with soil and stones to create a uniform surface. Nine holes in disarray, which may have served for posts that supported a roof, were visible on the floor. The southern margin of the treading floor was raised (width 0.28 m) and a perforation in its center led to a square plastered collecting vat (1.70 × 1.73 m, depth 1.98 m). The northern and southern edges of the collecting vat were carefully smoothed and two small cupmarks were hewn on them, probably to stand jars. Two steps were hewn in the southeastern corner of the collecting vat and a settling pit (c. 0.5 × 0.6 m, depth 0.28 m) was located in its northwestern corner. The plaster and sides in the upper half of the collecting vat were damaged by fire.