Horbat Nekhes

A dense scattering of potsherds and flint implements was found in an agricultural field on the eastern fringes of the ruin, along with a hewn and plastered reservoir, water cisterns and residential buildings, dating from the Mamluk or Ottoman periods. An ashlar built rampart, preserved 2 m high, was visible to the east of the ruin.

 

Horbat Kefar Tov

A scattering of building stones, attributed to the site, was found on the northern slopes of the ruin. Rock-hewn installations, rock-cuttings and a water cistern along the northern fringes of the ruin were documented.

 

Horbat Bizqa

Burial caves with a square courtyard were found at the western part of the ruin, as well as arcosolia, winepresses, hewn water cisterns and farming terraces. Bedrock surfaces with hewn elliptical cupmarks (0.20 × 0.35 m), similar to other complexes in the Modi‘in region and dating to the Chalcolithic period, were also recorded. A scattering of flint implements that dated from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods was discerned in the fields west of the cupmark surfaces.

Cupmarks, farming terraces and stone clearance heaps were documented throughout the area and circular rock-hewn basins were noted in the northern part of the area.